The region was part of Tondaimandalam which was ruled by the Early Cholas in the 2nd century CE by subduing Kurumbas, the original inhabitants of the region. During the 1st century CE, Tamil poet named Thiruvalluvar lived in the town of Mylapore, a neighbourhood of present-day Chennai. The region around Chennai was an important administrative, military, and economic centre for many centuries. Stone Age implements have been found near Pallavaram in Chennai and according to the Archaeological Survey of India (ASI), Pallavaram was a megalithic cultural establishment, and pre-historic communities resided in the settlement. See also: History of Chennai and Timeline of Chennai history ![]() The name Madras continues in occasional use for the city as well as for places or things named after the city earlier. In August 1996, the Government of Tamil Nadu officially changed the name from Madras to Chennai. George but it is uncertain whether the name was in use before the arrival of Europeans. Madras might have been derived from Madraspattinam, a fishing village north of Fort St. A Vijayanagara-era inscription found in 2015 was dated to the year 1367 and mentions the port of Mādarasanpattanam, along with other small ports on the east coast, and it was theorized that the aforementioned port is the fishing port of Royapuram. The name Madras is of native origin, and has been shown to have been in use before the British established a presence in India. A land grant was given to the Chennakesava Perumal Temple in Chennapatanam later in 1646, which some scholars argue to be the first use of the name. The first official use of the name was in August 1639 in a sale deed to Francis Day of the East India Company. The name Chennai was derived from the name of Chennappa Nayaka, a Nayak ruler who served as a general under Venkata Raya of the Vijayanagara Empire from whom the British East India Company acquired the town in 1639. See also: Names of Chennai in different languages It is a major film production centre and home to the Tamil-language film industry. In October 2017, Chennai was added to the UNESCO Creative Cities Network (UCCN) list. ![]() It was the only South Asian city to be ranked among National Geographic's "Top 10 food cities" in 2015 and ranked ninth on Lonely Planet's best cosmopolitan cities of the world. Chennai houses a major portion of India's automobile industry and hence the name "Detroit of India". Ranked as a beta-level city in the Global Cities Index, Chennai regularly features among the best cities to live in India and is amongst the safest cities in India.Ĭhennai is a major centre for medical tourism and is termed "India's health capital". As a gateway to South India, Chennai is among the most-visited Indian cities ranking 36th among the most-visited cities in the world in 2019. Chennai has the fifth-largest urban economy, and had the third-largest expatriate population in India. The city is coterminous with Chennai district, which together with the adjoining suburbs constitutes the Chennai Metropolitan Area, the 35th-largest urban area in the world by population and one of the largest metropolitan economies of India. The city was officially renamed as Chennai in 1996. After India gained its independence in 1947, Madras continued as the capital city of the Madras State and present-day Tamil Nadu. The city was made the winter capital of the Madras Presidency, a colonial province of the British Raj in the Indian subcontinent. ![]() George, the first British fortress in India. The British garrison established the Madras city and port, and built Fort St. The coastal land which then contained the fishing village Madrasapattinam, was purchased by the British East India Company from the Nayak ruler Chennapa Nayaka in the 17th century. Historically, the region was part of the Chola, Pandya, Pallava and Vijayanagara kingdoms during various eras. Incorporated in 1688, the Greater Chennai Corporation is the oldest municipal corporation of India and the second oldest in the world after London. According to the 2011 Indian census, Chennai is the sixth-most populous city in India and forms the fourth-most populous urban agglomeration. ![]() It is the state's primate city and is located on the Coromandel Coast of the Bay of Bengal. Ĭhennai ( / ˈ tʃ ɛ n aɪ/ ⓘ, Tamil:, IAST: Cennaī), formerly known as Madras, is the capital city of Tamil Nadu, the southernmost state of India. The 2011 census data for the urban agglomeration is available and has been provided. Post expansion of city limits to 426 sq.km., the population including the new city limits was provided by Government of Tamil Nadu was 6,748,026. Population Note: The population as per 2011 census calculated basis pre-expansion city area of 174 sq.km.
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